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TTS Module 3 - Electrical Fundamentals for EASA Part 66 for B1/B2

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Total Training Support's Integrated Training System. We are sure you will need no other reference material to pass your EASA Part-66 exam in this Module.

These notes have been written by instructors of EASA Part-66 courses, specifically for practitioners of varying experience within the aircraft maintenance industry, and especially those who are self-studying to pass the EASA Part-66 exams.

They are specifically designed to meet the EASA Part-66 syllabus and to answer the questions being asked by the UK CAA in their examinations.

The EASA Part-66 syllabus for each sub-section is printed at the beginning of each of the chapters in these course notes and is used as the “Learning Objectives”.

We suggest that you take each chapter in-turn, read the text of the chapter a couple of times, if only to familiarise yourself with the location of the information contained within. Then, using your club66pro.co.uk membership, attempt the questions within the respective sub-section, and continually refer back to these notes to read-up on the underpinning knowledge required to answer the respective question, and any similar question that you may encounter on your real Part-66 examination. Studying this way, with the help of the question practice and their explanations, you will be able to master the subject piece-by-piece, and become proficient in the subject matter, as well as proficient in answering the CAA style EASA part-66 multiple choice questions.

The course notes are written to suit Licence category 'B1' and 'B2', but are also suitable for Licence category 'A'.

400 pages

CONTENTS

Module 3.1 - Electron Theory

  • Matter
  • Elements and Compounds
  • Molecules
  • Atoms
  • Energy Levels
  • Shells and Sub-shells
  • Valence
  • Compounds
  • Ionisation
  • Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators

Module 3.2 - Static Electricity and Conduction

  • Introduction
  • Static Electricity
  • Nature of Charges
  • Charged Bodies
  • Coulomb's Law of Charges
  • Unit of Charge
  • Electric Fields
  • Conduction of Electricity in Solids, Liquids and a Vacuum

Module 3.3 - Electrical Terminology

  • Electrical Energy
  • Electrical Charges
  • Electric Current
  • Electrical Resistance
  • Conductance
  • Electrical Laws

Module 3.4 - Generation of Electricity

  • How Voltage is Produced
  • Voltage Produced by Friction
  • Voltage Produced by Pressure
  • Voltage Produced by Heat
  • Voltage Produced by Light
  • Voltage Produced by Chemical Action
  • Voltage Produced by Magnetism

Module 3.5 - DC Sources of Electricity

  • Introduction
  • The Cell
  • Primary and Secondary Cells
  • Electrochemical Action
  • Primary Cell Chemistry
  • Secondary Cell Chemistry
  • Polarization of the Cell
  • Local Action
  • Types of Cells
  • Other Types of Cells
  • Secondary Wet Cells
  • Cell Capacity
  • Cells in Series and Parallel
  • Battery Construction
  • Battery Internal Resistance
  • Battery Maintenance
  • Capacity and Rating of Batteries
  • Battery Charging
  • Thermocouples
  • Photocells

Module 3.6 - DC Circuits

  • The Basic Electric Circuit
  • Ohm's Law
  • Series DC Circuits
  • Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
  • Kirchhoff’s Current Law
  • Circuit Terms and Characteristics
  • Internal Resistance of the Supply
  • Parallel DC Circuits
  • Series-Parallel DC Circuits
  • Practice Circuit Problem
  • Redrawing Circuits for Clarity
  • Effects of Open and Short Circuits
  • Voltage Dividers

Module 3.7 - Resistance/Resistor

(a)

  • Resistivity
  • Electrical Resistance
  • Standard Colour Code Systems
  • Resistors in Series and Parallel
  • Operation and use of Potentiometers and Rheostats
  • Operation of the Wheatstone Bridge

(b)

  • Conductance
  • Electrical Resistors
  • Resistor Wattage Rating
  • Construction of Potentiometers

Module 3.8 - Power

  • Introduction
  • Power Rating
  • Power Conversion and Efficiency
  • Power in a Series Circuit
  • Power Transfer and Efficiency
  • Power in a Parallel Circuit
  • Power in the Voltage Divider

Module 3.9 - Capacitance/Capacitor

  • Introduction
  • The Electrostatic Field
  • The Simple Capacitor
  • The Farad
  • Factors Affecting the Value of Capacitance
  • Formula for Capacitance
  • Permittivity
  • Voltage Rating of Capacitors
  • Capacitor Losses
  • Energy Stored in a Capacitor
  • Charging and Discharging a Capacitor
  • Charge and Discharge of an RC Series Circuit
  • RC Time Constant
  • Capacitors in Series and Parallel
  • The Fixed Capacitor
  • The Variable Capacitor
  • Colour Codes for Capacitors
  • Basic Capacitor Testing

Module 3.10 - Magnetism

(a)

  • Magnetic Materials
  • Ferromagnetic Materials
  • Natural Magnets
  • Artificial Magnets
  • Permeability
  • Types of Magnetism
  • Magnetic Poles
  • The Earth's Magnetism
  • Theories of Magnetism
  • Effect of Breaking a Bar Magnet
  • Magnetic Fields
  • Magnetic Effects
  • Magnetic Flux
  • Magnetic Induction
  • Magnetic Shielding
  • Magnet Shapes
  • Care of Magnets

(b)

  • Electromagnetism
  • Force on a Conductor in a Magnetic Field
  • Electromagnets
  • Permeance
  • Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Comparison
  • Hysteresis
  • Summary of Magnetism Terms and Symbols

Module 3.11 - Inductance/Inductor

  • Characteristics of Inductance
  • Electromotive Force (EMF)
  • Self-Inductance
  • Factors Affecting Coil Inductance
  • Unit of Inductance
  • Energy in an Inductor
  • Growth and Decay of Current in an LR Series Circuit
  • L/R Time Constant
  • Power Loss in an Inductor
  • Mutual Inductance
  • Adding Inductors
  • Applications of Inductors
  • Inductor construction

Module 3.12 - DC Motor/Generator Theory

DC Generators

  • Introduction
  • Principles of Operation
  • Commutation
  • Motor Reaction in a Generator
  • Armature Losses
  • Construction Features of D.C. Generators
  • Types of D.C. Generators
  • Three-Wire Generators
  • Armature Reaction
  • Generator Ratings
  • D.C. Generator Maintenance
  • Field Excitation

DC Motors

  • Introduction
  • Principles of Operation
  • Basic D.C. Motor
  • D.C. Motor Construction
  • Armature Reaction
  • Types of D.C. Motors
  • Back-EMF
  • Types of Duty
  • Reversing Motor Direction
  • Motor Speed
  • Energy Losses in D.C. Motors
  • Inspection and Maintenance of D.C. Motors
  • Starter-Generator Systems

Module 3.13 - AC Theory

  • What is Alternating Current (AC)?
  • Direct vs Alternating Current
  • AC Waveforms
  • Other Waveforms
  • Measurements of AC magnitude
  • Simple AC circuit calculations
  • AC phase
  • Single and 3-Phase Principles
  • Three-Phase Power Systems
  • Phase Rotation
  • Three-Phase Y and Δ Configurations

Module 3.14 - Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits

  • Inductive and Capacitive Reactance
  • Reactance, Impedance and Power Relationships in AC Circuits
  • Ohms Law for AC
  • Power in AC Circuits
  • Power Factor
  • Series RLC Circuits
  • Parallel RLC Circuits
  • Resonant Circuits

Module - 3.15 Transformers

  • Introduction
  • Basic Operation of a Transformer
  • The Components of a Transformer
  • Core Characteristics
  • Transformer Windings
  • Schematic Symbols for Transformers
  • How a Transformer Works
  • Turns and Voltage Ratios
  • Effect of a Load
  • Mutual Flux
  • Turns and Current Ratios
  • Step-Up and Step-Down Transformers
  • Power Relationship between Primary and Secondary Windings
  • Transformer Losses
  • Transformer Efficiency
  • Transformer Ratings
  • Types and Applications of Transformers
  • Three-phase Transformers

Module 3.16 - Filters

  • What is a filter?
  • Low-Pass Filters
  • High-Pass Filters
  • Band-Pass Filters
  • Band-Stop Filters
  • Resonant Filters

Module 3.17 - AC Generators

  • Introduction
  • Basic AC Generators
  • Rotating-Armature AC Generators
  • Rotating-Field AC Generators
  • Practical AC Generators
  • Functions of AC Generator Components
  • AC Generator Characteristics and Limitations
  • Single-Phase AC Generators
  • Two-Phase AC Generators
  • Three-Phase AC Generator
  • Frequency
  • Voltage Regulation
  • Principles of AC Voltage Control
  • Parallel Operation of AC Generators

Module 3.18 - AC Motors

  • Introduction
  • Series AC Motor
  • Rotating Magnetic Fields
  • Rotor Behaviour in a Rotating Field
  • Synchronous Motors
  • Induction Motors

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